17 Junio 2020 13:50
Un canal de denuncias electrónico que mantendrá bajo reserva la identidad de las personas que entreguen información valiosa sobre corrupción en el Estado, es una de las medidas que se implementarán en el marco del proyecto de ley recientemente presentado en el Congreso por el Ministerio de Justicia, el cual crea un Estatuto de Protección al Denunciante.
Consultado por esta iniciativa que forma parte de la Agenda Antiabusos del Ejecutivo, el presidente del Consejo para la Transparencia (CPLT), Jorge Jaraquemada, recordó que la entidad que lidera planteó esta alternativa en 2019.
“Precisamente, una de las propuestas que hizo el Consejo para la Transparencia al Gobierno el año pasado fue la implementación de un sistema que permita la presentación de denuncias anónimas, centralizadas y confidencial, tanto para funcionarios públicos como particulares. Por tanto, para nosotros se trata de una iniciativa que valoramos”, señaló.
ESCRUTINIO SOCIAL
A juicio del titular de Transparencia, el escrutinio social es clave para afrontar los altos niveles de desconfianza identificados en los diagnósticos realizados por el organismo, y que desde la perspectiva del Consejo son parte del problema que derivó en la crisis social de octubre de 2019.
“Sin duda este proyecto aparece como muy relevante en materia de integridad pública y anticorrupción. La profunda crisis de confianza por la que atraviesa Chile requiere, de manera urgente, la adopción de medidas que le entreguen más elementos a la ciudadanía para ejercer un mayor control sobre los actos de las autoridades y funcionarios públicos”, subrayó Jaraquemada.
Para el CPLT, el que la iniciativa establezca una fórmula que permite la entrega de antecedentes sobre eventuales ilícitos o evidencia de hechos de corrupción al interior de instituciones del Estado de manera anónima es fundamental.
“Uno de los desincentivos a la denuncia de delitos de corrupción es la ausencia de normas de protección a quienes efectúen la denuncia, lo que los hace vulnerables frente a posibles represalias de que pueden ser objeto”, explicó Jaraquemada.
“Resguardar la identidad del denunciante resulta fundamental para asegurar la efectividad de un sistema que establezca un canal de denuncias por hechos de corrupción, ya sea que el denunciante sea un funcionario público o un particular. Uno de los desincentivos a la denuncia de delitos de corrupción es la ausencia de normas de protección a quienes efectúen la denuncia, lo que los hace vulnerables frente a posibles represalias de que pueden ser objeto”, agregó el abogado.
El titular del Consejo relevó además el rol de la Contraloría, entidad de la que dependerá la plataforma de denuncias: “un canal centralizado y administrado por la Contraloría General de la República constituye un importante avance en orden a incentivar un mayor número de denuncias por parte de la ciudadanía y, en consecuencia, un mayor control social al ejercicio de la actividad pública”.
DENUNCIAS FALSAS
Ante la preocupación de dotar de seriedad al sistema, el titular del Consejo apuntó que el proyecto de ley aborda las denuncias falsas de manera adecuada “modificando el Código Penal en lo referente al delito de denuncia calumniosa, de modo de cautelar el buen uso de la plataforma y evitar denuncias falsas”.
“Es decir, se tramitarán todas las denuncias, pero en caso de acreditarse la falsedad deliberada de la misma, se sancionará. Si yo denuncio algo falso me expongo a que se rompa mi anonimato y puedo sufrir las consecuencias de ese actuar malicioso”, precisó el presidente del CPLT.
En la actualidad, el Congreso tramita también la iniciativa que modifica el Estatuto Administrativo y que busca promover que funcionarios públicos denuncien delitos e irregularidades sobre los que tengan conocimiento. Al respecto, el titular del Consejo sostuvo que “ambos proyectos son perfectamente complementarios y van en la línea correcta”.
Detalló que, si bien las dos iniciativas apuntan a promover la entrega de información que permita combatir la corrupción en el Estado, en el caso de la que modifica la Ley Nº 18.834 “contempla que, en el caso específico que el denunciante sea un funcionario público, éste pueda solicitar medidas especiales de protección” -como el traslado de localidad o función, la suspensión provisional de sus funciones con goce de remuneración, entre otras.
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